Vehicle Rolling Resistance Measurements in Sand and Snow

摘要

Rolling resistance is important to vehicle and aircraft ground movement in loose soil and snow conditions, especially in military operations. Historically, rolling resistance measurements have been taken at relatively low velocities, 2 to 4 m/s, thereby precluding the study of any potential velocity effect. Aircraft-based rolling resistance measurements frequently concentrate on "go" and "no-go" takeoff decisions and lack resolution in the vehicle off-road speed range of 0 to about 23 m/s. This paper presents results from single-wheel vehicle-based rolling resistance measurements in three depths of uniform density sand and in various depths and densities of snow at velocities from 2 to 15 m/s. In sand, the rolling resistance increases with velocity until the tire starts to "plane" and then levels off or decreases. In snow, the rolling resistance increases over the velocity range measured, varies according to snow depth and density and no planing effect was observed.