Dimensional changes between a pattern die and its corresponding investment cast part occur as a result of complex phenomena such as thermal expansion/contraction and hot deformation (elastic, plastic, and creep) during the processing of the pattern material (wax), mold material (shell), and solidifying alloy. This study is the first attempt to determine wax pattern dimensions using computer models that take into account the thermophysical and rheological behavior of the wax. The wax pattern dimensions are determined using a three-dimensional finite element model for coupled thermal and mechanical analysis developed within the commercial software ABAQUS. Cerita 29-51, an industrial wax is considered in this study. The effects of restraint by the metal die of geometrical features, and process parameters such as dwell time, platen temperature, injection pressure and injection temperature are also considered. The results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental measurements on test patterns. Measurements of the temperature at the injection port, pressure in the die cavity, and the results of numerical simulations provide several insights into the wax injection process (Piwonka and Wiest, 1998).
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机译：图案模具与其相应的投资铸件之间的尺寸变化是由于在图案材料（蜡）的加工过程中的热膨胀/收缩和热变形（弹性，塑料，蠕变），模具材料（壳）和凝固合金。本研究首次尝试使用计算机模型来确定蜡像尺寸，以考虑蜡的热物理和流变行为。使用三维有限元模型来确定蜡模式尺寸，用于在商业软件ABAQUS内开发的耦合热和机械分析。 Cerita 29-51，在本研究中考虑了工业蜡。还考虑了由几何特征的金属模具抑制的影响，以及停留时间，压纸温度，注射压力和喷射温度的工艺参数。将数值模拟的结果与试验模式进行实验测量进行了比较。注射端口处的温度的测量，模腔压力，数值模拟的结果提供了几种洞察蜡注射过程（Piwonka和Wiest，1998）。
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