With increasing natural gas prices alternative feedstocks like coal come more and more back into the focus of fertilizer producers especially in countries with large coal reserves. Coal gasification technology has been on the market for many years but it hardly has been used for ammonia manufacture during the recent years except in China. Uhde has more than 65 years experience in the development, design and construction of gasification plants. Uhde's proprietary PRENFLO gasification process is ideally suited for the gasification of a wide range of feedstocks, such as coal, petroleum coke and biomass thus making it the technology of choice for reduced operating costs by the addition of secondary fuels. This paper will describe different gasification technologies, including the Uhde PRENFLO~(TM) technology, and the following syngas preparation stages and their optimized integration in an ammonia /urea complex. Furthermore the paper will discuss the successful operating experience of the world's largest IGCC plant as well as Uhde's experience with large capacity ammonia plants and their impact on the design of efficient, robust and reliable coal to ammonia or urea plants.
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