It is hoped that the two case studies considered above have illustrated how HAZOP techniques as part of a formal risk assessment, can be useful as a systematic way of examining model functioning and assumptions when used in assessment of air quality problems. These techniques go beyond the traditional methods such as Monte-Carlo analysis, in addressing what is not covered in the models as well as questioning the representation and parameterisation of what is included. They point towards potential hazards for the decision maker in using the results from a model, and to priority areas for further research. They also provide a framework for linking what are inevitably simplified models in looking at a wide range of possible scenarios in assessing abatement strategies, to a hierarchy of more detailed and sophisticated research concerning the aspects identified. It is suggested that the approach illustrated could usefully provide an appendix to many reports on environmental assessment based on numerical models!
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