Due to technical improvements of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), high-performance and high-power mechanical parts, such as brushless motor and silicon gyro, are increasingly being used in the consumer market. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which apply these technologies and are capable of autonomous and automatic flight, are now commercially available for short-distance remote sensing. However, such remote sensing UAVs are still very expensive, and cannot be afforded by small laboratories such as those of universities. Recently, prices of multi-copter UAVs have been reduced to US$1000 or less on the market; however, these low-cost UAVs can only bear up to sensor weight of several hundred grams, which is not adequate for remote sensing.
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