A computer control system for the regulation of blood volume, heart rate and blood pressure during kidney dialysis

摘要

In this paper, a computer controlled system has been developed and tested to maintain the hemodynamic stability of kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis. The system uses ultrafiltration rate (UFR) and dialysate sodium concentration (DSC) as the control inputs to regulate the changes in relative blood volume (RBV) and percentage change in heart rate (ΔHR) while maintaining systolic blood pressure (SBP) within constraints during the course of dialysis. First a linear parameter varying (LPV) system has been proposed to model the hemodynamic response of patients during dialysis. UFR and DSC are imposed as the inputs and the model computes the RBV, ΔHR and SBP during dialysis. Next, a controller is proposed based on model predictive control approach utilizing pre-defined constraints on the control inputs (UFR and DSC) as well as the output (SBP) and minimizing an objective function. The designed control system was experimentally verified on patients. The design and implementation of such a system is a positive step towards developing state-of-the-art technologies capable of preventing dialysis induced complications.