Green Virtual Enterprises and their Breeding Environments: Engineering their Sustainability as Systems of Systems for the Circular Economy

摘要

Collaborative Networked Organisations (CNOs) can be considered complex systems of systems (SoS) [Bilal et al., 2014] that emerge in many organisational forms in various domains and application environments demanding proficiencies beyond those of any individual organisation. The study of CNOs typically requires the contribution of several disciplines towards conceiving reference frameworks and methodologies for their sustainable creation, operation and methodologies metamorphosis and in some cases required correct dissolution [Camarinha-Matos & Afsarmanesh, 2005].