An endoscopic solo surgery simulator was designed to quantitatively evaluate human-machine interface in robotic camera positioning systems. Our simulator can assess not only the quantitative efficiency of laparoscopic cameraworks but also the influence of cameraworks upon the accuracy of surgical actions. Two human-machine interfaces: a face motion navigation system and a voice activated system were developed and compared. As a result, the face control interface was more efficient in cameraworks than the voice control, even under a stress to control the instruments. However, it was also found that the face motion may have bad influence on precise surgical actions.
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