Porous materials are systematically used in automotive and aerospace applications in order to provide requested acoustic performances (absorption, transmission). Various modeling strategies are available for such materials. They range from simplified semi-empirical models (Delany-Bazley, Miki) to more sophisticated models (Biot) able to finely describe skeleton/fluid interactions. Intermediate models (which can be named 'equivalent fluid' models) rely on some approximations: rigid porous (assuming a stiff and therefore motionless skeleton) or lumped porous (assuming a flexible skeleton but incorporating the solid phase inertia effect). These macroscopic models can further exploit a description of the micro structure. Three micro models are considered: Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA), Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge (JCAL) and Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Pride-Lafarge (JCAPL). The objective of the paper is to highlight the main features of these models and to define more precisely their scopes. This is done by examining typical acoustic absorption problems where such materials are involved. A particular attention is devoted to the selection of an appropriate model and to the use of an efficient and optimal computational strategy in a finite element context. Additionally, statistics related to response indicators (absorption coefficient, surface impedance, radiation efficiency, transmission loss) are also addressed in the particular context of material uncertainties.
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