Smooth surface endosseous titanium implants has been surgically inserted into edentulous areas of maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone in monkeys. The aim of this study was the morphological analysis of the neo-osteogenetic response of cortical and spongy bone in the early stages of osteointegration of the implants. The LM SEM and TEM analisys of the specimens explanted after 20, 30 and 60 days after surgery, suggest that during the first two months bone medullary lacunae constitute the basic matrix for new bone formation. In cortical bone new deposition starts from osteogenetic cells originating from the endosteal cells of the few adjacent medullary lacunae. In spongy bone many medullary lacunae expand into flattened peri-implant 'cisternae" and with their endosteal cells they direcly generate new bone at the implant interface.
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