District Heating (DH) are a very efficient system for heating in urban areas and they are considered as key elements for the de-carbonization of the European Cities. High performance levels and low operational energy costs are part of the identity of these heating networks. The reduction of supply-line temperatures allows the possibility to introduce new low-grade and renewable source energy production, reducing dependence on fossil fuel-based energy plants. Moreover, heat-losses in distribution pipelines are also reduced, since the gradient temperature between supply line and ambient temperature is reduced. Operation of decentralized & Ultra Low Temperature (ULT) systems may adapt for the introduction of weather-dependent, distributed heat sources such as solar systems. Furthermore, although very dependent on local availability, waste heat streams from commercial and industrial installations are also considered because of the stability of heat supply all year round, resulting in minimally carbon intensive processes .Regarding building features, the reduced heat load derived from the transition from current buildings to Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), RELaTED allows for the novel concept called prosumer, where buildings can deliver energy to the grid from decentralized energy sources installed in the building. In RELaTED, different subsystems are being developed by different industrial partners, to prove their efficiency in 4 real demonstration sites: Tartu (Estonia), Belgrade (Serbia), Vinge (Denmark) and Iurreta (Spain). A 3-FS (3-Function Scheme) DH substation that permits buildings to become prosumers. Two types of solar collectors, one is an all polymeric glazed collector and the second one is an unglazed collector, both as components of Building Integrated Large Solar Thermal Systems (BILSTS) solar loop. Finally, a reversible and high efficiency heat pump for domestic hot water is being developed. In this paper, an approach to ULT concept is studied, including transitory phases of the conversion.
展开▼
机译：区域供热（DH）是在城市地区加热非常有效的系统，他们被认为是欧洲城市的去碳化的关键因素。高性能水平和低操作的能量成本是这些加热网络的身份的一部分。供给线温度的降低使得有可能引入新的低档和可再生来源的能源生产，减少对基于化石燃料的能源植物依赖性。此外，在分配管道热损失也减小，因为之间供给线和环境温度梯度的温度被降低。分散和超低温（ULT）系统的操作可以适应用于引入的天气相关的，分布式热源如太阳能系统。此外，尽管非常依赖于当地的可用性，余热从商业和工业设施流也被认为是因为供热常年的稳定性，造成最低限度的碳密集型流程.Regarding建设的特点，降低热负荷从过渡派生从目前的建筑物近零能耗建筑（NZEB），允许相关的专业消费级称为新颖的概念，这里的建筑可以到电网从安装在建筑物分散的能源提供能量。在相关的，不同的子系统正在被不同的工业合作伙伴开发，来证明自己在4个实际示范点效率：塔尔图（爱沙尼亚），贝尔格莱德（塞尔维亚），温格（丹麦）和尤雷塔（西班牙）。 A 3-FS（3 - 功能计划）DH变电站，允许建筑，成为产消合一者。两种类型的太阳能集热器，一个是全聚合物釉面集电极和第二个是一个无釉集电极，既作为（BILSTS）太阳能环建筑一体化大型太阳能热系统的组分。最后，生活热水可逆的和高效率的热泵正在开发中。在本文中，至ULT概念的方法进行了研究，包括转换的瞬时相位。
展开▼
