Experimental research of the spectral, polarizing and azimuthal features of the S-, Ka - and V-band backscattering by the water and petroleum surfaces

摘要

The local monitoring of marine water areas contaminations by ground allocation radar, long time will be an actual problem with growth of quantity of such contaminations. Besides the researches in this area can be interesting for satellite remote sensing of a marine surface and study of hydrodynamic processes in the upper layers of ocean. It's known, that the detection of petroleum floods by radar means is connected to extinguishing of an amplitude and declination of waves, what reduce specific radar cross section of a water surface and, therefore, an amplitude of reflected signal [l]. Except for effect of extinguishing of water ripples, the presence of a surface active substance (SAS) not only decrease surface tension factor, but also provide general changes of a hydrodynamic mode of fluid surface motion. It can generate: modulation of extinguishing factor of small-scale waves in a field of larger waves; decrease ripples phase speed and its dispersion (especially, for capillary and gravitational-capillary waves) [2]; provide the appearance of a gradient of the surface tension factor in a field of large waves. The latter can change the spatial characteristics of the small-scale ripples motion. Such effects can find out themselves most clearly in change of the form of reflected signals spectra in range of rather short radio waves (λ<3, 2cm)