Application of F.E.S.S.A. External Fixation for Long Bone Fractures in Birds

摘要

Surgeons have always been confronted by several difficulties associated with avian orthopedics. Surgical preparation of the limb is often hampered by feathers and skin. Soft tissues are delicate and easily traumatized, the cortices of bone are relatively thin and brittle, and some bones are directly connected to the respiratory system. Both internal and external techniques have been described, many of which have often required creative thinking by the surgeon to reduce fractures and overcome distractive forces, while maintaining a strong and yet light-weight repair.