Carbon nanostructures have received increasing attention in electrocatalysis due to their surface electronic configuration with abundant n electrons,which are beneficial for electron demanding reactions like those occurring in electrochemical energy conversion devices.This is the case of fuel cells,which efficiently and directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy,representing the ideal solution for non-polluting and highly efficient vehicles and power consumers.The sluggishness of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),taking place at the cathode of fuel cells,limits the entire process.It requires the utilization of platinum-based electrodes,which scarce resources and high cost represent the main concern for the implementation of this kind of system at large scale.
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