Implementation Schemes for Electrified Bus Fleets at Intra-Urban Depots with Optimized Energy Procurements in Virtual Power Plant Operations

摘要

For the purpose of utilizing electrified bus fleets in metropolitan areas and with regards to provide an active energy management at intra-urban depot, a profound understanding of the transactions between the market entities involved in the charging process is given. Sophisticated charging strategies with energy procurements in joint market operation are presented. Further, the operation procedures and characteristics of an intra-urban depot including the physical layout and utilization of appropriate charging infrastructure are investigated. For the purpose of joint market operations and provision of power system services, a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is formulated and developed that integrates the capacities of the electrified bus fleet in the power plant portfolio. The proposed optimization model is verified in numerical analysis and the applicability of using the energy capacity of the electrified bus fleet in VPP operations is demonstrated.