Emissions of NH_3 N_2O and CH_4 from a tying stall for milking cows, during storage of farmyard manure and after spreading

摘要

At the Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ILUET) emission measurements are carried out with the aim to find factors influencing the amount of emissions and means to reduce emissions from different agricultural sources. Measurements are mainly performed on solid manure systems. All sectors of animal husbandry are investigated. This enables calculations of emissions for the whole management system including housing, storage and spreading of manure. Concentrations of NH_3, N_2O, CO_2 and CH_4 are analyzed by a high resolution FTIR spectroscope. To determine the emission rate the ILUET has developed a large open-dynamic-chamber which can be put over the emitting surfaces in the housing, on manure heaps and after spreading of manure. In the housing system there was nearly no difference in CH_4 and NH_3 emissions between the liquid and the solid manure system. N_2O emissions were higher in the liquid manure system. NH_3 and N_2O emissions showed a clear dependency on the season, CH_4 emissions were mainly caused by ruminal fermentation. During storage and after spreading of the solid manure the compost emitted more NH_3 than the anaerobically stored solid manure. The anaerobically stored solid manure emitted much more N_2O and CH_4 than the compost.