Appendix a: the stopped-lead-vehicle scenario test

摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate how drivers with and without rear-end collision warning systems react when purposefully distracted just when a stationary vehicle is revealed. The test was conducted using the Iowa Driving Simulatorequipped with a driver warning system that provided auditory warnings based on two different warning criteria A total of 30 subjects was split across three conditions with 10 subjects each. The two warning distances resulted from use of two values ofdriver reaction time for a hypothetical average driver.Driver collision avoidance performance was compared to that in the baseline condition where no warning was present. Results showed that the collision warning system in the long warning condition showed shorter accelerator release reactions times, fewercrashes, and less severe crashes compared with both the baseline condition and the short warning condition. Experimental evidence suggests that the short warning condition may also have distracted drivers at the last moment after they had already begun to brake, resulting in some crashes. This is possibly a result of the warning display modality (auditory) and not a function of the timing of the warning.