Osteogenesis with coral is increased by bmp and bmc in a rat cranioplasty

摘要

Autologous bone marrow cells (BMC), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and natural coral exoskeleton (CC) were used to enhance the repair of large skull bone defects in a craniotomy model. Nine millimeter calvarial defects were performed on adult rats and were either left empty (control cavities) or implanted with CC alone, CC-BMC, CC-BMP, or CC-BMC-BMP. After 2 months, osteogenesis was insufficient to allow union when defects were left empty or filled with CC. Addition of BMC alone to CC had no positive influence on osteogenesis at any time and increased CC resorption at 2 months. In contrast addition of BMP or BMP/BMC to CC led to a significant increase in osteogenesis and allowed bone union after 1 month. At 2 months, the combination of CC-BMP-BMC was the most potent activator of osteogenesis. CC resorption was significantly decreased in the presence of BMP with or without BMC at both times. These data are in accordance witht he presence of progenitor cells in bone marrow that are inducible by BMPs to the osteogenic pathway in cranial site. The increase in material resorption in cavities filled with CC-BMC could suggest that cells from the granulocyte-macrophage lineage survived the grafting procedure and are still active after 2 months.