The use of GIS technology for building and maintaining water resource databases

摘要

The orderly storage, management and manipulation of water resources data is predicated on several factors including a geodetically consistent reference base as well as a good understanding of the landform data, both above and below ground. Traditionally both topographical and geological maps have provided the reference base, as well as implicit and explicit representations, of the landforem details. Recent advances in GIS technology have facilitated the collection of landform data and have been complemented by powerful new analysis techniques. This paper shows hw information collected from a multispectral airborne sensor can be used to build very accurate raster and vector maps of the landform which can be integrated and correlated with ground water data. The technology known as MEIS (Multi-spectral, Electro-optical, Image Sensor) is based on a pushbroom sensor which collects imagery in both the visible and near infra-red parts of the spectrum, along with stereo components. This information is processes, usin gsupplementary navigation information (including both GPS and INS) to produce ad vry accurate geodetically corrected ortho image of the land form. Subsequent processing, using supervised classification techniques, is used to extract and store land surface feature data. From the stereo channels, a full digital elevation model is costructed to provide full 3D land form data. The resulting information is stored within a spatial database environment. Subsurface data can also be attached to the database using the geodetic frame of reference. The value of the database environment is that it specifically provides a framework for complex modelling and analysis of water resources data. This paper describe both the technology and its use within an operational environment in Canada.