Stainless steel pickling by fixed concentration HF/HNO_3 mixtures through diffusion dialysis acid reclamation

摘要

The basic flow to manufacture stainless steel wire rods is shown in Fig. 2. Before the pickling process, the annealing process is used to soften the steel to allow further drawing of the steel. The effects of annealing are that the bulk microstructure is altered, and the surface is oxidized to form a thick scale and chromium-depleted layer which must be totally removed during the pickling operation (Figs. 3, 4).