A typical anode of a PEM water electrolyser is composed of a base material like metal felt, sintered metal or mesh [1-5]. The anode can be coated with catalytic layer or the catalytic layer is put direcdy on the membrane. In either case, there is a large difference between the dimensions of the base material and the catalytic layer. While the pores in the base material are typically tens of micrometers in diameter, the catalytic particles are nanosized. This means that the contact between the two is barely adequate. A third layer, connecting the base material and the catalytic layer could improve their contact and thus increase the efficiency of PEM electrolysis. This layer is commonly referred to as the "microporous layer" (MPL).
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