Sustainable Dyeing of Cotton: Ultra Deep Black with Excellent Fastness Properties Via Graft Polymerization of DADMAC into Cotton Prior to Dyeing

摘要

Dyeing cotton with a durable deep black shade has been a major challenge for the textile industry.In the present study,cotton was cationized using a quaternary ammonium monomer,diallyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC),to significantly increase the number of dye sites in the fiber,enhance the percent exhaustion,minimize the effluent and produce an ultra-deep black shade with excellent crock fastness.Two reactive black dyes named AVITERA? BLACK SE(HUNTSMAN)and EVERZOL BLACK B H/C(EVERLIGHT CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION)were employed in this study to dye mercerized cotton using standard dyeing methods recommended by the manufacturer and compared to dyed mercerized cotton that was treated with DADMAC prior to dyeing.It was shown that mercerized cotton treated with DADMAC and dyed with AVITERA? BLACK SE or EVERZOL BLACK B H/C produced significantly better color yield(K/S)and comparable crockfastness properties.Hence,the use of DADMAC not only furnished an ultra deep black with excellent fastness properties but also eliminated the need of salt and alkali in the dyeing bath.Furthermore,DADMAC represents a sustainable chemistry that is not susceptible to hydrolysis or generation of an epoxy analog like other known quaternary ammonium salt such as 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(EPTAC).