There are only two common methods for calculating reluctanceforces on components in electromagnetic devices. The first, the Maxwellstress method has the advantage that it requires only one solution.However, it is known that it can be inaccurate if the contour is notchosen carefully. The second makes use of virtual work. It suffers fromthe fact that two, or more, solutions are generally required to yield adifferential against distance for the co-energy. This differentialyields the force directly. There are obvious advantages if thatdifferential can be obtained directly from one solution. The authorsdescribe such an approach, with supporting evidence from calculationsbased on the use of a CAD package
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