Assessment of the Accuracy of Determining the Coordinates and Speed of Small-Size UAV of a Multi-Position Radar with Omnidirectional Antenna Elements

摘要

Currently, unmanned aerial vehicles are actively used in various fields of human activity: terrain monitoring, cartography, cargo delivery, military affairs, etc. The concept of “smart city” involves the widespread use of various UAVs to solve a wide class of problems. Unauthorized use of UAVs can lead to threats to the functioning of the “smart city”, since the control system of unmanned vehicles of the “smart city” does not take into account the presence of UAVs-violators and, accordingly, is not able to quickly respond to emerging threats. The solution to this problem may be the creation of a global airspace monitoring system within the framework of the “smart city”. One of the most effective methods of airspace control is the use of radar. These funds are all-weather and can provide round-the-clock control of the space. Currently, most research in this area is aimed at developing new highly efficient radar systems based on antennas with phased array antennas with control of the direction of radiation of signals in a given area of space. At the same time, such complexes are not able to provide simultaneous control of various areas of space, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of their use in solving detection problems. Another promising area is the use of spatially separated low-power transmitting devices emitting an ensemble of broadband orthogonal radio signals, and radio receiving systems with omnidirectional antenna elements. This article is devoted to questions of assessing the potential accuracy of determining the coordinates and speed of small UAVs of a multi-position radar with omnidirectional antenna elements. As a result of mathematical modeling, estimates were obtained of the potential accuracy of measuring the plane coordinates and the UAV height for various topologies of the placement of transceiver modules and their number and base size. It is shown that when using a signal with a spectrum width of 10 MHz and the number of transmitting and receiving points equal to 5 within the boundaries of the region of location of the receiving and transmitting points, it is possible to measure plane coordinates with an accuracy of no worse than 1 m at the base of 5 km and 50 m at the base of 10 km. Expanding the spectrum of the probe signal to 100 MHz, ceteris paribus, leads to an increase in accuracy to 0.1-0.2 m at the base of 5 km, and 1–2 m at the base of 10 km. In the simulation, the power of the transmitting device was 5 W, the pulse duration was 0.1023 ms, the number of accumulated pulses was 8, and the ESR of the target was 0.1 m² and 0.01 m². The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-29-0600619.