Quantification and tentative internalisation of energy external costs in the European Union

摘要

European researchers have made strong efforts to scientifically quantify the so-called energy "external costs", i.e. the social and environmental damages coming from the production and use of energy. Today, after years of research and if still many uncertainties exist, a clear awareness about the necessity to internalise external costs starts to appear in the European Union decision-making process.