The fourth industrial revolution arrived with many enabling technologies that would impact important sociological aspects in the industry. Some of the Industry 4.0 technologies are already running in different industrial application, and other are still as a paradigm state. The social, economic, and environmental acceptance of Industry 4.0 technologies is still under discussion, which open new opportunities to execute various analysis about the possible implications of the implementation of such technologies. This article refers to an exploratory analysis and identification of the different challenges and risks of this new Industry 4.0 paradigm and its related technologies. The technologies under review were Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, cybersecurity, bid data, blockchain, 5G, robotics, adding manufacturing, unmanned systems, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and augmented reality. As a result, different social challenges and risks were identified for each technology, starting from vulnerability, implementation cost, until social aspects such as education and unemployment caused by those new technologies. In conclusion, Industry 4.0 arrived with a lot of benefits to the industry business, but companies should not stop thinking about sustainable development.
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