Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts from Biomass Systems in Egypt

摘要

Egypt is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to the expected detrimental impacts on coastal zones, agriculture, water security as well as indirect social and health impacts. Egypt is responsible for 0.6 % of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although Egypt is a non-annex I country not requiring any specific emission reduction or limitation targets under the Kyoto protocol, its National plans have included mitigation measures to reduce its greenhouse gases. The main sectors contributing to climate change in Egypt are energy, industry, agriculture and waste. This paper quantifies the biomass resources in Egypt generated from the agriculture sector. The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector is responsible for about 10% of national GHG (about 30,043Gg CO_(2e) in 2015). AFOLU sector GHG emissions are mainly generated from 1) enteric fermentation, 2) manure management, 3) rice cultivation, 4) agriculture soil, and 5) field residuals burning. The largest contributor to the total GHG emissions is livestock (55 %) followed by aggregate sources and non-CO_2 emissions sources on land (47%). We find that the efforts that Egypt made to contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions reductions through the Kyoto Protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) to be promising mitigation reductions, which are related to waste management facilities and those which are waste to energy projects. Finally, a list of mitigation projects as proposed by the Egyptian government to decrease GHGs as related to the waste sector are enumerated.