STUDY ON AIR-TO-WATER PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INTERSECTION SOLVING FOR WATER SURFACE ANE UNDERWATER OBJECT POINTS

摘要

This study utilizes ray-tracing method combining collinearity property and refraction effect to determine the underwater object points and the water surface simultaneously when the images are taken in the air and exterior orientation and interior orientation parameters are known. Besides the mathematical models implementing the ray-tracing geometry, the stochastic model features in exploring nearly all participating elements thus making flexible analyses possible in identifying most influential factors and alternative configurations towards the solutions. This study reports on how the factors, including the uncertainty of orientation parameters, image point measurements, refractive index, and the positions of underwater object points dealing with only one object point or multiple points, affect the solutions. Furthermore, the known underwater object points are also employed to identify their effectiveness and the condition of minimum solution in solving the water surface.