Among all degrees of freedom offered by single photons, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) has a great potential in the quantum information field, as it provides a natural choice for implementing single-photon qudits, the units of quantum information in a higher dimensional space. This can be an important practical advantage, as it enables higher security in quantum cryptographic protocols, as well as implications in fundamental quantum mechanics theory. Moreover, the combined use of different degrees of freedom of a photon, such as OAM and spin, enables the implementation of entirely new quantum tasks.
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