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AN INTRODUCTION TO SELF-EXCITED OSCILLATIONS

机译:自激振荡简介

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This paper describes an approach used to introduce a type of nonlinear problems in an undergraduate class on mechanical vibrations. Self-excited oscillations are encountered in a number of practical applications including brakes, clutches, belts, tires, and violins. To go beyond the derivation of the equations of motion for simplified models and examine the effect of various parameters requires the ability to find numerical solutions.It was found that developing numerical solutions using a simple integration technique such as Euler's method with a spreadsheet program like Excel was most effective because: (1) Euler's method is easy to implement; (2) Excel is widely available; (3) students are able to develop the solution themselves; (4) it can be done quickly. In this case students were able to explore problems with one or more degrees of freedom and compare their results with those found in recent publications which presents several advantages: students develop confidence in their ability to explore different models and examine the effects of different complicating factors, they develop their own solutions and are able to focus on understanding the physics of the problem, and they develop a sense that they are working on problems of current interest instead of some overly simplified textbook problem. Examples dealing with brake squeal problem were used and the effects of mass, stiffness, damping and friction were studied. Many different friction models are available and several of them were used to determine the effect of friction on the appearance of self-excited vibrations. The appearance of a limit cycle in the phase portrait is discussed along with the dynamics of the system. It is also shown that a short high frequency excitation can be used to squelch those self-excited oscillations.
机译:本文介绍了一种用于在机械振动本科课程中引入一种非线性问题的方法。在许多实际应用中会遇到自激振荡,包括制动器,离合器,皮带,轮胎和小提琴。为了超越简化模型的运动方程的推导并检查各种参数的影响,需要具有找到数值解的能力。 结果发现,使用简单的积分技术(例如,Euler方法和带有Excel的电子表格程序)开发数值解是最有效的,因为:(1)Euler方法易于实现; (2)Excel广泛可用; (3)学生有能力自己开发解决方案; (4)可以很快完成。在这种情况下,学生能够探索一个或多个自由度的问题,并将其结果与最近发表的出版物中的结果进行比较,这些出版物具有以下优点:学生对自己探索不同模型并检验不同复杂因素的影响能力充满信心,他们开发了自己的解决方案,并且能够专注于理解问题的物理原理,并且感到他们正在研究当前关注的问题,而不是一些过于简化的教科书问题。以制动尖叫问题为例,研究了质量,刚度,阻尼和摩擦的影响。可以使用许多不同的摩擦模型,其中一些模型用于确定摩擦对自激振动外观的影响。讨论了相图中极限循环的出现以及系统的动力学。还表明,可以使用短时高频激励来抑制那些自激振荡。

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