The sub-surface entrapment of alumina inclusions, slag and molten mold powder (or tlux) particles in continuously cast steel slabs often leads to formation of sliver defects (refer to Figure 1) on the surface of final rolled products. This causes rejection and reworking of defective coils, particularly those produced from ultra low carbon (ULC) steel slabs, which are slated for surface-critical applications. Additionally, surface inspection systems have to be installed at the rolling mills to inspect every coil and detect any sliver defects, so that customer interests are always protected. Hence, from the standpoint of cost of poor quality, particle entrapment during the casting process is of primary concern to steelmakers.
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