Analyses of water distribution systems serving base housing have beenconducted as part of an epidemiological study of exposure to contaminated drinkingwater at U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. These analyseshave included conducting tracer studies and constructing water distribution systemmodels. During the conduct of the tracer studies, it appeared that water in storagetanks was not mixing completely or uniformly. As a result, controlling storage tankswere equipped with continuous recording water-quality monitoring equipment torecord fluoride concentrations during fill and drain cycles. Additionally, differentstorage tank mixing model concepts were tested during the water distribution systemmodel simulation process. The storage tank mixing models tested included completemixing, two-compartment mixing, first-in first-out plug-flow mixing, and last-in firstoutplug-flow mixing. In this paper the authors present comparisons between thetracer study field data and the four simplified storage tank mixing models.
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