Synthesis and characterization of energetic 1,1,1-trinitropropyl-1-ammonium salts as potential high-energy dense oxidizers

摘要

The synthesis of 1,1,1-trinitropropyl-1-ammonium salts starting from a nucleophilic michael addition of nitroform to acrylamide is described. Due to the relatively high oxygen content of the resulting salts their suitability as high-energy dense oxidizers (HEDOs) in energetic formulations were predicted according to their specific impulse and detonation velocity. The parameters were calculated with the EXPL05 (V6.02) computer code and compared to the common solid rocket propellant ammonium perchlorate (AP). Characterization including multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, vibrational analysis (IR, Raman) as well as elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed. Crystal structures of several salts are presented. The thermal stability was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the sensitivities against impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined. Furthermore, the energies of formation were calculated using Gaussian 09.