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Geostatistical Analysis of Settlements Induced by Groundwater Extraction

机译:地下水抽取引起的聚落的地统计分析

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One of the most important effects induced by the over-exploitation of aquifers is the land subsidence. This dangerous situation may reduce in relatively short time the functionality and safety of structures and infrastructures present on a territory and impair their efficiency and stability. The city of Bologna is one of the most sensational cases of Italy, especially for the amount of recorded settlements and the great historical and cultural value of exposed assets. This article analyses the spatial and temporal distribution of settlements over an area of about 270 km~2 including the centre of the city. The topographical measurements, carried out starting from 1943 with a progressively increasing detail, highlight an articulated framework of settlements with maximum values exceeding 4 m. After a brief introduction of the phenomenon and its causes, a geostatistical analysis has been performed on a Geographical Information System. In order to validate the results, the potential damage on buildings present in the area has been evaluated. To this end, data were collected regarding the geometrical characteristics and the structural types of the buildings. The strain levels from the current configuration of the ground surface have been calculated for each of them. Finally, the expected damage levels have been assessed, following the classifications proposed in the literature that allow to assign a severity level for each building. These results were compared with damage observed by previous studies. This approach is a prerequisite to the planning of any vulnerability mitigation strategy.
机译:过度开采含水层引起的最重要影响之一是地面沉降。这种危险情况可能会在相对较短的时间内降低领土上存在的结构和基础设施的功能和安全性,并损害其效率和稳定性。博洛尼亚市是意大利最引人注目的案例之一,尤其是在记录的定居点数量和裸露资产的巨大历史文化价值方面。本文分析了包括城市中心在内的约270 km〜2区域居民点的时空分布。从1943年开始进行的地形测量随着细节的逐渐增加,突出了最大数量超过4 m的清晰的定居点框架。在简要介绍了该现象及其原因之后,对地理信息系统进行了地统计分析。为了验证结果,已经评估了对该区域内建筑物的潜在破坏。为此,收集了有关建筑物的几何特征和结构类型的数据。已经针对它们中的每一个计算了来自当前地面构造的应变水平。最后,按照文献中提出的分类标准,评估了预期的破坏程度,该分类允许为每座建筑物指定严重程度。将这些结果与先前研究观察到的损害进行了比较。此方法是规划任何漏洞缓解策略的先决条件。

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