The consumption of electricity continues to grow rapidly in Indonesia due to a fast developing national economy. The demand for electricity in the future is expected to increase on average by 6.5% per year until 2020. With the use of fossil fuels present, Indonesia is a large contributor of carbon dioxide to the environment and the growth of alternative energy sources doesn't match up with the energy demand growth. One possible source of alternative energy is nuclear energy which is more energy efficient than fossil energy now used. However, nuclear power plant could have an impact on both biological and non-biological entities including the impact on the health of the surrounding human populations and on the biodiversity of the area along with possible water and soil contamination. Therefore, according to Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment in the Republic of Indonesia, proposed nuclear power plants should undergo an evaluation process called the Strategic Environmental Assessment. (SEA). SEA is structured to provide a sustainability evaluation and to ensure that the principles of sustainable development has been integrated to reduce the potential harmful impact of the nuclear power plants on environment. This research effort focuses on studying and analyzing the implementation of SEA regarding site selection, technology selection, and biological and non-biological impact analysis on the pre-construction, construction, operation and decommission of a nuclear power plant of various types to ensure that the plan satisfies the criteria based on the abovementioned aspects. The analysis of criteria that must be done to uphold SEA for the construction of nuclear power plants covers indicators of sustainable development, legislation, and best examples of previous applications of SEA for the construction of nuclear power plants. Results of the analysis of these criteria are then expected to be submitted as a potential benchmark in for SEA preparation in future development plan of nuclear power plants.
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