Highly efficient, large area, roll coated flexible and rigid solar modules: Design rules and realization

摘要

Large area, roll-to-roll printed solar modules are presented in literature with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) well below zero solar cells produced in the lab. Here we show how to design a proper layout to minimize the electrical losses and how to evaluate optical losses induced by the substitution of the sputtered/evaporated electrodes with solution processable ones. Highly efficient, large area, roll-produced solar modules are then shown, achieving PCEs above 4.2% on total area on flexible and of 5.3% on glass substrates. A record-breaking geometric fill factor of 98.5% is demonstrated, thanks to ultra-fast laser structuring.