Focusing on the street level experience, Ewing et al. (2005, 2006) developed measurementprotocols for nine urban design qualities cited in the literature—imageability, enclosure, humanscale, transparency, complexity, coherence, linkage, legibility, and tidiness. The first five weresuccessfully operationalized and then related to pedestrian counts on 588 street segments in NewYork City. Ewing et al. (2013) showed that the one urban design quality--transparency-- is moresignificant in explaining pedestrian counts than development density, land use diversity, streetnetwork design, destination accessibility, distance to transit, or demographics, the so-called Dvariables. This paper builds on the research of Ewing et al. (2005, 2013) to distinguish whichspecific streetscape features influence levels of pedestrian activity after controlling for the otherD variables: A composite variable comprised of windows overlooking the street, continuousbuilding facades forming a street wall, active street frontage, proportion of historic buildings,number of buildings with identifiers, and number of pieces of street furniture, prove to be highlysignificant.
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