Cobalt-Chromium alloys are widely used in total joint arthroplasty due to its good abrasive resistance and mechanical behavior. However, recent studies have suggested that elevated ion forms of Co~(2+) and Cr~(3+) are present in failed metal-on-metal joint replacement recipients. Aseptic loosening has become the most common major long-term complication following total joint arthroplasty, particulate wear debris generated at the bearing-surface are believed to play a critical role in pathogenesis of aseptic loosening.We hypothesize that CoCr debris particles and its ions may challenge osteoblastic cells and play an important role in regulating the differentiation/activation of osteoclasts. In addition, the metal ion forms may behavior differently than the particulate form during the aseptic loosening process. The current study tested our hypothesis by investigating the biological responses of preosteoblast to CoCr-alloy particles and metal ions Co~(2+) and Cr~(3+).
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