Chemical characteristic of source emission and inhalational carcinogenic risk of environmental tobacco smoking under real condition, China

摘要

Nine sets of PM2.5 samples were collected via volunteer smoking nine Chinese brands of cigarette, to describe chemical characteristic of source emissions and evaluate inhalational carcinogenic risk of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Source profile containing 14 elements, NO3", SO42", organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC) and 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted; source signatures were recognized; and carcinogenic risks of heavy metals/PAHs were assessed. Results showed that OC was the primary composition in ETS profile; Cr, Pb and Cd were the most abundant heavy metals; PAHs mainly distributed in MMW- and HMW-PAHs. BaA, BbF and CHR could separate ETS and outdoor stationary sources as source marker, but diagnostic ratios could hardly distinguish ETS and cooking/biomass combustion. The integrated carcinogenic risk of heavy metals and PAHs was 2.2 × 10~(-3) and 1.8 × 10~(-5) , respectively. The risks of Cr (VI) and Cd were over 1.0 × 10~(-4); the value of CHR was beneath 1.0 × 10~(-6); the risks of the other carcinogens ranged between these two limits. The total carcinogenic risk of heavy metals was higher by two orders of magnitude than that of PAHs, indicating that the adverse effect of inorganic compositions should not be neglected.