Personal care product use and urinary paraben and phthalate metabolite concentrations during pregnancy among women from a fertility clinic

摘要

Background: Parabens and phthalates, used in personal care/beauty products, are potential endocrine disruptors and the developing fetus may be sensitive to these chemicals. Aim: To determine if personal care product use during pregnancy is associated with paraben and phthalate exposure. Methods:We measured urinary butyl-paraben (BP), methyl-paraben (MP), propyl-paraben (PP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentrations up to three times during pregnancy in 177 women attending a fertility clinic in Boston MA. Women reported their use of 13 types of personal care products in the previous 24 hours using a standardized questionnaire. We used linear mixed models to examine the association between personal care product use and specific gravity normalized paraben and phthalate metabolite. Results: Lotion, cosmetic, and perfume use were positively associated with phthalate and paraben molar sums, although the magnitude of individual biomarker increases varied by product. Women who used lotion had BP, MP, and PP concentrations 2-3 times as high as non-users, whereas MBP and MEP concentrations were 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2, 62%) and 50% (CI:11, 103) higher, respectively. Cosmetic users had higher BP (89%; CI:21,198), MP (66; CI:17,137), PP (105%; CI.31, 220) and MEP (53%; CI: 9,113%) concentrations compared to non-users. Women using perfume had MEP concentrations 167% (CI: 98, 261%) higher than non-users, but modest increases in MP and PP concentrations (45-48%). We observed monotonic dose-response relationships between the total number of products used and individual biomarker and summary concentrations. These results were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic factors, season, or time of day of sample collection. Conclusions: Several personal care products were associated with higher urinary paraben and phthalate concentrations among pregnant women. Both biomonitoring and questionnaire data may be useful for assessing pregnant women's exposure to the chemical mixtures found in some personal care products.