Characteristics of epizootic and epidemic processes of anthrax in southern Kyrgyzstan

摘要

Objective: To study the regional peculiarities of anthrax manifestation, to create anthrax stationary unfavorable site cadastre. The work was performed under the ISTC Project KR-1516.Materials and methods: The present work was performed by the Institute of Medical Problems of National Academy of Sciences in conjunction with Osh Antiplague Station of the Republican Center for Quarantine and Extremely Dangerous Infections and Osh Inter-District Centre of Veterinary Diagnostics under the ISTC Project KR-1516. The data obtained from epizootic, clinical postmortem and microbiological examinations were used as materials. Statistical surveys, archival and current data (1936 - 2012) were analyzed.Results:Retrospective analysis showed that the number of anthrax outbreaks among the livestock decreased from 482 (1971-1980) to 36 (1981-1990). Since 1990, the number of outbreaks increased from 71 (1991 -2000) to 89 (2001-2012). Diverse climatic conditions of southern Kyrgyzstan affect the intensity of epizootic manifestation of anthrax. A total of 960 head of animals were registered in anthrax stationary unfavorable sites in 497 settlements during 1960 - 2012. Of them, 500 (52.1%) were small cattle, 339 (35.3%) cattle, 46 (4.8%) horses, 71 (7.3%) pigs, 2 (0.2%) donkeys, and 1 (0.1%) dog.Analysis of the incidence of anthrax among the livestock in southern regions showed that small cattle were more likely to be affected with anthrax in 2 out of 3 Provinces during 1960 to 1978. As of October 20, 2012, the overall number of anthrax foci registered in southern Kyrgyzstan was 671. Since 1980, cattle have been considered the main source of anthrax infection despite the reduction in the number of cattle.Conclusion: Thus, the analysis of the incidence of human and animal anthrax has shown that southern regions of the Republic seen qualitative changes in the nature of epidemic process. New correlation of the incidence of anthrax among human and animal populations was established.