A switching adaptive observer is proposed for estimation of state of charge (SOC) for lithium ion batteries used in electrified automotive propulsion systems. The base observer includes (ⅰ) a parameter estimation subsystem including a recursive parameter estimator for identifying battery parameters and (ⅱ) an open circuit voltage (OCV) estimation subsystem including a nonlinear adaptive observer for estimating battery OCV. A timer as well as excitation level determination decides when the ampere-hour integration based SOC or estimated OCV based SOC is used as output. Using this approach, transient response of the adaptive SOC estimator is greatly improved. Examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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