GNSS CIVILIAN/MILITARY DUAL-USE POLICY ISSUES

摘要

In 1983, after the downing of Korean Air Lines flight KAL007, President Ronald Reagan approved the use of the US military's Global Positioning System (GPS) by civilian users, including aviation. As such, the US Government has made available the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) available for worldwide use by the international community, and the Precise Positioning Service (PPS) to authorized U.S. users and authorized allied military users. Since then GPS has evolved to include additional signals a number of international Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been developed with the intent to provide similar levels of service. This paper examines the various Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) policy issues regarding the dual military-civilian nature of GNSS systems, how they interrelate in an increasingly globalized world, and how they've led to ever increasing improvement of capabilities for civilian users.