The hydrous pyrolysis extraction technique was used to extract organic matter from Huadian oil shale in a stainless steel vessel. Experimental data indicate that high extract yield can be obtained at relatively moderate conditions. At the temperature, water-oil shale mass ratio and extraction time of 365°C, 3 and 30 h, respectively, the highest extracts yield was 153.55 kg extract/ton oil shale. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the n-hexane-soluble maltene in extracts and the organic matter in the waste water demonstrate that large hydrocarbon compounds in the kerogen can be cracked into smaller compounds by extending extraction time. Elemental analysis of the extracts shows that the atomic H/C ratio reaches a maximum value of 1.824 for an extraction time of 15 h. Changes in extract yield and pyrolysate analysis indicate that sub-critical water has catalytic effects and enhances product extraction during pyrolysis.
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