Lithium ion batteries have gained popularity in a wide range of applications from electronic devices to electric vehicles [1 ]. One of the key factors that influence the efficiency of the battery is the anode material. Metallic Li is a potential candidate to be used as the anode material due to a high capacity of 3,860 mAh g~(-1) in comparison with materials such as graphitic carbon with a capacity of 372 mAh g~(-1) [2]. However, Li metal can form dendrites during cycling which is a performance and safety concern as the dendrite cause short circuits of the battery [3]. Understanding the formation and growth of dendrites and the microstructural behaviour of the anode during cycling is critical to enhance the performance and safety of the battery. However, analysing the morphology and composition of Li materials faces difficulties because of its high reactivity, low melting point, and the low X-ray energy (55 eV) of Li [4, 5].
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