A JOINT TRAVEL DEMAND AND ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL TO INCORPORATE EMISSION PRICING FOR LARGE TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS

摘要

Emission reduction strategies are gaining greater attention to support the national objective for asustainable and green transportation system. A large percent of emission contribution arises fromtransportation modes are primarily from auto and truck travel. Reductions in highway travelrequire prudent planning strategies and modeling user’s response to planner’s policies. Modelingplanning goals and user’s response is a challenging task. In this paper the authors present a jointtravel demand and environmental model to incorporate vehicle emission pricing (VEP) as astrategy for emission reduction. First, the travel demand model determines the destination, modeand route choice of the user’s in response to the VEP strategy set by the planner. Second, theemission model provides NOx, VOC, and CO_2 estimates at a very detailed level. A Base-caseand three models are proposed to incorporate VEP in a multimodal transportation network. Theobjective function of the Base-case is the minimization of Total System Travel Time (TST), andthe models are designed with the objective of minimizing of Total System Emission (TSE). UserEquilibrium method is used for travel to model user responses and solved by Frank Wolfealgorithm. The Base-case represents “do-nothing” conditions and the three models address theinteractions between planner’s perspectives and user responses to VEP strategies. The proposedmodel is applied to Montgomery County’s (located in the Washington DC-Baltimore region)multimodal transportation network. The case study results show that VEP can be used as a toolfor emission reduction in transportation planning and policy.