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How demand response from commercial buildings will provide the regulation needs of the grid

机译:商业建筑的需求响应将如何满足电网的监管需求

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The statement “energy is not storable” is heard in energy conference lectures around the world, even though each person in the audience is sitting in a vast energy storage device. The heat storage in buildings is an enormous untapped resource for providing regulation services. This will be especially important as the grid is subject to more and more volatility from the introduction of power from renewable energy sources. This paper describes how regulation services can be obtained by exploiting the inherent flexibility of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) systems in commercial buildings. A particular simulation test case is considered — A large commercial building at the University of Florida. The conclusions of this research demonstrate that, 1) A simplified model of the building that is adequate for control can be obtained from input-output measurements. In this study, the only control input considered is the supply fan power. 2) Control synthesis to regulate the building air temperature while simultaneously providing regulation to the grid can be cast as an LQR problem that admits a simple closed form solution. 3) Numerical experiments show that for this HVAC system, 15% of fan power capacity can be provided for regulation, while maintaining indoor temperature deviation to no more than ±0.2 °C. Based on these results, we conclude that the HVAC systems in 90, 000 medium-sized commercial buildings can provide the entire regulation service needed by PJM today, without any noticeable change in indoor air quality. The total regulation services that can be potentially provided by all the commercial buildings in the U.S. that have the necessary equipment in place are much higher. Our results indicate that supply fans in existing commercial buildings can provide about 70% of the current regulation capacity needed in the United States.
机译:尽管听众中的每个人都坐在一个巨大的储能装置中,但在世界各地的能源会议演讲中仍会听到“能源不可存储”的说法。建筑物中的热量存储是用于提供调节服务的巨大未开发资源。这一点尤其重要,因为随着可再生能源的引入,电网将面临越来越多的波动。本文描述了如何通过利用商业建筑中HVAC(供暖,通风,空调)系统的固有灵活性来获得调节服务。考虑了一个特定的模拟测试用例-佛罗里达大学的一座大型商业建筑。这项研究的结论表明:1)可以从输入-输出测量中获得足以控制的建筑物简化模型。在这项研究中,唯一考虑的控制输入是风扇电源。 2)控制综合在调节建筑物空气温度的同时,还可以对电网进行调节,这可以看作是LQR问题,它允许采用简单的封闭式解决方案。 3)数值实验表明,对于这种HVAC系统,可以提供15%的风扇功率容量进行调节,同时保持室内温度偏差不超过±0.2°C。根据这些结果,我们得出结论,在90,000座中型商业建筑中的HVAC系统可以提供PJM如今所需的全部调节服务,而室内空气质量没有任何明显变化。具有所有必要设备的美国所有商业建筑可能提供的总监管服务要高得多。我们的结果表明,现有商业建筑中的供气扇可以提供美国目前所需调节能力的约70%。

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