ASSESSING NUCLEAR SAFETY FROM A HUMAN AND ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS PERSPECTIVE: LESSONS LEARNED FROM AN INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING

摘要

This communication presents the results of an international benchmarking focused on how Human and Organizational Factors (HOF) are assessed in the context of regulatory activities of the nuclear industry. It was carried out between 2009 and 2011 by the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), the main French Technical Safety Organization (TSO). Data have been collected in the Regulatory Authorities and TSOs of seven countries (Brazil, Canada, Finland, France, Spain, Sweden, US), mainly by means of interviews with HOF specialists, inspectors, managers, researchers, representatives of TSOs and licensees. The communication shows a unity exists among the material we have collected, therefore we can talk about assessing nuclear safety from a HOF perspective as one job, with quite the same attributes wherever this activity is done. Besides this unity, two main methods for assessing HOF topics-inspection and investigation-arc identified. Selecting one against the other depends both on institutional parameters and on the conception of HOF adopted. Performing such assessment is complex: indeed specialists need not only have a strong background in HOF, they also need to possess a high understanding of the industrial processes, as well as a high understanding of the regulatory context in which they evolve. Therefore, managing HOF specialists towards the improvement of these skills is of first importance: in this perspective, good practices on organizing HOF specialists arc proposed.