Prior to utilization of incinerator bottom ash waste (IBAW) as a construction material, itsenvironmental impacts should be thoroughly investigated. IBAW encompasses plenty offerrous and non ferrous constituents. In the presence of water, these constituents could bereleased to groundwater and soil. The aim of this study was to find a treatment technique toimprove the quality of IBAW and reduce its leaching potential of metals and salts to belowregulatory limits. IBAW was mixed with limestone to achieve an acceptable blend in terms ofenvironmental and functional aspects to be used as a road foundation layer. The researchstudied the leaching characteristics of some constituents, including sulphate, chloride,sodium, copper, zinc and lead in IBAW blends under different conditions, such as initial pHvalue and use of novel and traditional treatment agents. The experimental programme wasdesigned to recreate a realistic environment by using a lysimeter as a large scale leaching tooland developing a laboratory protocol that simulates road foundation field conditions toevaluate the long-term release of heavy metals and salts from IBAW. In the lysimeterexperiments, the concentrations of leached elements were monitored through a sand substrateunderneath the IBAW layer to study the potential element migration and sorption process.Mathematical modelling was then used to simulate the release of the aforementionedconstituents from IBAW based on initial measurement of intrinsic material properties and thesorption process concept. Experimental results showed that additive treatment had a variedimpact on the IBAW blends' leaching properties as element release was reduced by a widemargin ranging from 5 to 96%.
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