Overall, the model has demonstrated its versatility to simulate multiple injury mechanisms with good biofidelity, with the hyperviscoelastic material properties of the cord yielding realistic contact force during contusion and material properties of the intervetebral disc and spinal ligaments (including failure strain limits) resulting in appropriate forces for dislocation injuries. Furthermore, the computed maximum principal strain is shown to correlate well with tissue damage for both contusion and dislocation injury mechanisms, extending previous findings for contusion by Maikos et al. [2].
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